During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes split apart?

• A. Metaphase
• B. Anaphase
• C. Prophase
• D. Telophase

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of mitosis, which is the division of a single cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. Mitosis consists of several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
2. Recall that during metaphase, chromosomes align at the cell's equatorial plane, known as the metaphase plate. This alignment ensures that each daughter cell will receive an identical set of chromosomes.
3. Recognize that anaphase is the phase where the sister chromatids, which are identical copies of a chromosome, are pulled apart. The spindle fibers shorten, pulling the chromatids toward opposite poles of the cell.
4. In prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible, and the mitotic spindle begins to form. The nuclear envelope also starts to break down.
5. During telophase, the chromosomes reach the opposite poles, and the nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, completing the division of the nucleus.