Which of the following best describes the production of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) by coral and their symbiotic algae?

• A. DMSP is synthesized exclusively by the coral animal and not by its symbionts.
• B. Both coral and their symbiotic algae produce DMSP only during nighttime when photosynthesis is inactive.
• C. DMSP is primarily produced by the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) within coral tissues as a response to environmental stress.
• D. DMSP production in corals is unrelated to environmental conditions and remains constant at all times.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of the problem: Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a sulfur-containing compound produced by marine organisms, including coral and their symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae). It plays a role in stress response and environmental adaptation.
2. Clarify the relationship between coral and their symbiotic algae: Coral animals host zooxanthellae within their tissues. These algae perform photosynthesis and contribute to the coral's energy needs, while the coral provides a protected environment and nutrients for the algae.
3. Analyze the role of DMSP production: DMSP is primarily synthesized by the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) within coral tissues. It is not exclusively produced by the coral animal itself. This compound helps mitigate oxidative stress caused by environmental factors such as temperature changes or high light intensity.
4. Evaluate the timing of DMSP production: DMSP production is not limited to nighttime or specific periods when photosynthesis is inactive. Instead, it is closely linked to environmental stressors, which can occur at any time.
5. Conclude the correct description: Based on the information, the correct answer is that DMSP is primarily produced by the symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) within coral tissues as a response to environmental stress, highlighting its role in stress adaptation rather than constant production or exclusive synthesis by the coral animal.