Which statement best describes how mutations are related to evolution?

• A. Mutations occur only in response to environmental changes.
• B. Mutations are rare and have no significant impact on evolution.
• C. Mutations provide genetic variation that can lead to evolutionary changes.
• D. Mutations always result in harmful effects on an organism.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of mutations in genetics: Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence of an organism's genome. They can occur naturally during DNA replication or be induced by environmental factors.
2. Recognize the impact of mutations on genetic variation: Mutations introduce new genetic variations by altering genes, which can lead to different traits in organisms.
3. Connect genetic variation to evolution: Genetic variation is crucial for evolution because it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon. Without variation, populations cannot adapt to changing environments.
4. Evaluate the statement about mutations and evolution: The statement 'Mutations provide genetic variation that can lead to evolutionary changes' is correct because it highlights the role of mutations in creating diversity that can be beneficial, neutral, or sometimes harmful.
5. Consider the other statements: The other statements are incorrect because mutations do not occur solely in response to environmental changes, they are not always harmful, and they do have a significant impact on evolution by contributing to genetic diversity.