Which of the following best describes the process of translation in biology?

• A. The synthesis of proteins from an mRNA template
• B. The replication of DNA during cell division
• C. The modification of proteins after synthesis
• D. The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that translation is a key process in the central dogma of molecular biology, which describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system.
2. Recognize that translation specifically refers to the synthesis of proteins, which are essential macromolecules that perform a variety of functions in the cell.
3. Identify that during translation, the sequence of nucleotides in messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to build a chain of amino acids, which will fold into a functional protein.
4. Differentiate translation from other processes such as DNA replication, which is the copying of DNA, and transcription, which is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template.
5. Conclude that the best description of translation is the synthesis of proteins from an mRNA template, as it directly involves decoding mRNA to form proteins.