Which of the following best describes what happens during translation in a cell?

• A. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is transcribed from DNA to carry amino acids.
• B. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is translated into proteins.
• C. DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.
• D. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by ribosomes to synthesize a specific polypeptide (protein).

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of translation: Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, resulting in the synthesis of a polypeptide (protein).
2. Identify the key players in translation: These include mRNA (which carries the genetic code), ribosomes (the site of protein synthesis), transfer RNA (tRNA, which brings amino acids to the ribosome), and amino acids (the building blocks of proteins).
3. Recognize the sequence of events in translation: First, the ribosome binds to the mRNA at the start codon (AUG). Then, tRNA molecules with complementary anticodons bring the appropriate amino acids to the ribosome.
4. Understand the role of ribosomes: The ribosome facilitates the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids, creating a growing polypeptide chain. This process continues as the ribosome moves along the mRNA, reading codons and matching them with tRNA anticodons.
5. Conclude the process: Translation ends when the ribosome reaches a stop codon on the mRNA. At this point, the completed polypeptide is released, and it may undergo further folding or modifications to become a functional protein.