What is the effect of gene flow on the fitness of a population?

• A. It has no effect on genetic diversity or fitness.
• B. It can increase genetic diversity and potentially enhance fitness.
• C. It only affects the fitness of individuals, not populations.
• D. It always decreases genetic diversity and reduces fitness.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of gene flow: Gene flow refers to the transfer of genetic material between separate populations. This can occur through migration, where individuals from one population move to another and interbreed.
2. Consider the impact on genetic diversity: Gene flow can introduce new alleles into a population, increasing genetic diversity. This diversity can provide a wider range of traits that may be beneficial for survival and adaptation.
3. Evaluate the potential effects on fitness: Increased genetic diversity can enhance the fitness of a population by providing a greater ability to adapt to changing environments or resist diseases.
4. Distinguish between individual and population effects: While gene flow can affect the fitness of individuals by introducing new genetic material, its broader impact is on the population level, potentially enhancing overall population fitness.
5. Recognize variability in outcomes: The effect of gene flow can vary depending on the specific circumstances, such as the environment and the genetic makeup of the populations involved. It does not always increase or decrease fitness uniformly.