Which of the following cell processes must occur before fertilization can take place?

• A. Mitosis
• B. Meiosis
• C. Apoptosis
• D. Binary fission

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of fertilization: Fertilization is the process where two gametes (sperm and egg) combine to form a zygote. Gametes are haploid cells, meaning they contain half the number of chromosomes compared to somatic cells.
2. Recall the purpose of meiosis: Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating haploid gametes. This is essential for maintaining the correct chromosome number in offspring after fertilization.
3. Compare meiosis to other processes listed: Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces identical diploid cells, which is not relevant for gamete formation. Apoptosis is programmed cell death, and binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes. Neither of these processes contributes to gamete formation.
4. Recognize that meiosis must occur before fertilization: Without meiosis, gametes would not be haploid, and fertilization would result in an incorrect chromosome number in the zygote.
5. Conclude that meiosis is the correct process required before fertilization can take place, as it ensures the proper chromosome number in gametes for successful reproduction.