Where in the cell is the information from the mRNA strand translated into a polypeptide chain?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Nucleus
• D. Ribosome

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of mRNA: mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.
2. Identify the location of translation: Translation is the process by which the information in mRNA is used to synthesize a polypeptide chain, and this occurs in the ribosome.
3. Learn about ribosomes: Ribosomes are complex molecular machines found in all living cells. They are the site of protein synthesis, where mRNA is translated into a sequence of amino acids.
4. Differentiate between cellular organelles: The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins, while the endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein folding and transport. The nucleus houses the cell's DNA and is the site of transcription, not translation.
5. Conclude the process: Once the mRNA reaches the ribosome, tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome, where they are assembled into a polypeptide chain according to the sequence of codons in the mRNA.