What is the benefit of crossing over during meiosis?

• A. It ensures that each gamete receives a complete set of chromosomes.
• B. It reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes.
• C. It increases genetic variation among offspring.
• D. It prevents mutations from occurring during cell division.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of meiosis: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in the production of gametes (sperm and eggs). It consists of two consecutive divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II.
2. Learn about crossing over: Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis I. It involves the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes, which are pairs of chromosomes containing the same genes but possibly different alleles.
3. Recognize the role of crossing over: The primary benefit of crossing over is that it increases genetic variation among offspring. By exchanging segments of DNA, new combinations of alleles are created, which contribute to genetic diversity.
4. Consider the implications of genetic variation: Genetic variation is crucial for evolution and adaptation. It allows populations to respond to environmental changes and increases the likelihood of survival.
5. Clarify misconceptions: Crossing over does not ensure a complete set of chromosomes in gametes, nor does it reduce the number of chromosomes or prevent mutations. Its main function is to enhance genetic diversity.