Which eukaryotic organelle is approximately the size and shape of a pea and produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Pituitary gland
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Mitochondrion

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the question: The problem is asking about a eukaryotic organelle or structure that is approximately the size and shape of a pea and produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands.
2. Review the options provided: Nucleus, Pituitary gland, Golgi apparatus, and Mitochondrion. Note that not all of these are organelles; some are structures within the body.
3. Recall the function of each option: The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing genetic material. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP. The pituitary gland, while not an organelle, is a pea-shaped endocrine gland that produces hormones to regulate other glands.
4. Identify the key clue: The question specifies that the structure produces hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands. This is a defining characteristic of the pituitary gland, which is part of the endocrine system, not a cellular organelle.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is the pituitary gland, as it matches the description provided in the question, even though it is not an organelle but rather a gland in the body.