How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation in organisms?

• A. By allowing independent assortment of chromosomes during metaphase I
• B. By duplicating the entire genome before cell division
• C. By producing identical daughter cells
• D. By preventing crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically distinct daughter cells. This is crucial for sexual reproduction.
2. Recognize that genetic variation is introduced during meiosis through two main processes: independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over.
3. During metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes line up at the equatorial plate. The orientation of each pair is random, leading to independent assortment. This means that the distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes is random, contributing to genetic variation.
4. Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This recombination results in new combinations of alleles on each chromosome, further increasing genetic diversity.
5. Evaluate the options given: 'By allowing independent assortment of chromosomes during metaphase I' is correct because it directly describes one of the mechanisms by which meiosis increases genetic variation. The other options do not accurately describe processes that contribute to genetic variation in meiosis.