What is the condition called when there is a reduced sodium concentration in the blood accompanied by a fluid deficit?

• A. Hypervolemic hyponatremia
• B. Hypernatremia
• C. Hypovolemic hyponatremia
• D. Isovolemic hyponatremia

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the key terms in the problem. 'Hyponatremia' refers to a condition where the sodium concentration in the blood is lower than normal. 'Hypovolemic' indicates a reduced volume of fluid in the body.
2. Step 2: Analyze the relationship between sodium concentration and fluid levels. In hypovolemic hyponatremia, both sodium levels and fluid levels are reduced, which distinguishes it from other types of hyponatremia.
3. Step 3: Compare hypovolemic hyponatremia with other conditions mentioned in the problem. For example, hypervolemic hyponatremia involves excess fluid, while isovolemic hyponatremia involves normal fluid levels but reduced sodium concentration.
4. Step 4: Understand why hypernatremia is not the correct answer. Hypernatremia refers to elevated sodium levels in the blood, which is the opposite of hyponatremia.
5. Step 5: Conclude that hypovolemic hyponatremia is the correct condition described in the problem, as it matches the criteria of reduced sodium concentration accompanied by a fluid deficit.