What type of symbiotic relationship is exemplified by mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots?

• A. Parasitism
• B. Commensalism
• C. Mutualism
• D. Competition

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of symbiotic relationships: Symbiosis refers to a close and long-term biological interaction between two different organisms. The main types of symbiotic relationships are mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, and competition.
2. Define mutualism: Mutualism is a type of symbiotic relationship where both organisms involved benefit from the interaction. For example, one organism may provide nutrients while the other offers protection or support.
3. Examine the relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots: Mycorrhizal fungi form a mutualistic association with plant roots. The fungi enhance the plant's ability to absorb water and nutrients, particularly phosphorus, from the soil. In return, the plant provides the fungi with carbohydrates produced during photosynthesis.
4. Compare mutualism with other symbiotic relationships: Parasitism involves one organism benefiting at the expense of the other. Commensalism involves one organism benefiting while the other is unaffected. Competition occurs when organisms vie for the same resources, negatively impacting both. Mutualism is distinct because both organisms benefit.
5. Conclude that the correct answer is mutualism: Based on the definition and the specific interaction between mycorrhizal fungi and plant roots, this relationship exemplifies mutualism, as both organisms gain advantages from their association.