How does crossing over during meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?

• A. By ensuring that each gamete receives a complete set of chromosomes.
• B. By preventing mutations from occurring during cell division.
• C. By allowing homologous chromosomes to exchange segments, creating new allele combinations.
• D. By duplicating chromosomes, increasing the number of genes in the offspring.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell.
2. Recognize that crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of genetic material.
3. Identify that this exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes results in new combinations of alleles, which are different versions of a gene.
4. Acknowledge that these new allele combinations contribute to genetic diversity by increasing the variation in traits that can be passed on to offspring.
5. Conclude that genetic diversity is crucial for the survival and adaptation of species, as it provides a wider range of traits that may be beneficial in changing environments.