Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

• A. They generate ATP through cellular respiration.
• B. They synthesize proteins from amino acids.
• C. They store genetic information.
• D. They produce ribosomes for the cell.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells: Mitochondria are often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). This energy is generated through a process called cellular respiration.
2. Review the process of cellular respiration: Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and involves breaking down glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂) to produce ATP, carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water (H₂O). The general equation for cellular respiration is: $C{6}_{12}H{6}_2+6O\to 6\mathrm{CO}{2}_2+6H{2}_{\mathrm{O}}+\mathrm{ATP}$.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: Mitochondria do not synthesize proteins (this is the role of ribosomes), store genetic information (this is the role of the nucleus), or produce ribosomes (this occurs in the nucleolus).
4. Identify the correct function: The primary function of mitochondria is to generate ATP through cellular respiration, which provides energy for various cellular processes.
5. Conclude: Based on the explanation above, the correct answer is 'They generate ATP through cellular respiration.'