What is niche differentiation in the context of evolution and natural selection?

• A. The formation of new species through genetic mutation
• B. The adaptation of a species to a new habitat
• C. The process by which competing species use the environment differently to coexist
• D. The extinction of a species due to competition

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of a niche: In ecology, a niche refers to the role or position of a species within its environment, including how it obtains resources, interacts with other organisms, and contributes to the ecosystem.
2. Recognize the problem of competition: When two species compete for the same resources, it can lead to competitive exclusion, where one species outcompetes the other, potentially leading to extinction.
3. Introduce niche differentiation: This is an evolutionary process where competing species evolve to use different resources or occupy different areas of the environment, reducing direct competition and allowing them to coexist.
4. Explore examples of niche differentiation: For instance, two bird species might feed on the same tree but at different heights, or one might feed during the day while the other feeds at night.
5. Connect to natural selection: Niche differentiation is driven by natural selection, as individuals with traits that reduce competition are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to future generations.