Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?

• A. They produce ribosomes for the cell.
• B. They synthesize proteins from amino acids.
• C. They store genetic information.
• D. They generate ATP through cellular respiration.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of mitochondria: Mitochondria are membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells, often referred to as the 'powerhouses of the cell' because they generate energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Recall the process of cellular respiration: Mitochondria perform cellular respiration, a multi-step process that converts glucose and oxygen into ATP, water, and carbon dioxide. This process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and the electron transport chain.
3. Eliminate incorrect options: The production of ribosomes occurs in the nucleolus, protein synthesis occurs in ribosomes, and genetic information is stored in the nucleus. These functions are not related to mitochondria.
4. Focus on the correct function: The primary function of mitochondria is to generate ATP through cellular respiration, which provides energy for various cellular processes.
5. Conclude with the correct answer: Based on the above analysis, the correct description of the primary function of mitochondria is 'They generate ATP through cellular respiration.'