Which statement best describes how Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis fit within the assumed trajectory of the human lineage?

• A. They represent side branches of the human lineage that coexisted with other Homo species but did not directly lead to modern humans.
• B. They are the only known hominins to have used complex language and written communication.
• C. They are examples of early Australopithecus species that evolved into Homo erectus.
• D. They are direct ancestors of Homo sapiens and mark the final evolutionary step before modern humans.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the context of the human lineage. The human lineage includes various species within the genus Homo, which evolved over millions of years. Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis are part of this lineage but are not direct ancestors of modern humans.
2. Step 2: Analyze the evolutionary trajectory of Homo species. Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis are considered 'side branches,' meaning they coexisted with other Homo species but did not directly contribute to the lineage leading to Homo sapiens.
3. Step 3: Evaluate the incorrect options. For example, Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis are not known to have used complex language or written communication, which is a trait associated with modern humans. Additionally, they are not early Australopithecus species, nor are they direct ancestors of Homo sapiens.
4. Step 4: Consider the fossil evidence and timeline. Fossil records show that Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis lived during periods when other Homo species, including Homo erectus and Homo sapiens, existed. This supports the idea that they were side branches rather than direct ancestors.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the best description of Homo naledi and Homo floresiensis is that they represent side branches of the human lineage that coexisted with other Homo species but did not directly lead to modern humans.