Which of the following statements is true regarding epigenetic changes?

• A. Epigenetic changes are always permanent and cannot be reversed.
• B. Epigenetic changes involve the insertion of new genes into the genome.
• C. Epigenetic changes are only found in prokaryotic organisms.
• D. Epigenetic changes can alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of epigenetics: Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. These changes can affect how cells read genes.
2. Recognize that epigenetic changes are not permanent: Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic changes can be reversible. They can be influenced by environmental factors, lifestyle, and other external conditions.
3. Identify that epigenetic changes do not involve new genes: Epigenetic modifications do not insert new genes into the genome. Instead, they modify the expression of existing genes through mechanisms such as DNA methylation and histone modification.
4. Acknowledge that epigenetic changes occur in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms: While more commonly studied in eukaryotes, epigenetic mechanisms can also be found in prokaryotes.
5. Conclude that the correct statement is: Epigenetic changes can alter gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. This highlights the essence of epigenetic regulation in biology.