How are mitochondria similar to chloroplasts in terms of their function and structure?

• A. Both contain their own DNA and ribosomes.
• B. Both are responsible for photosynthesis.
• C. Both are found in animal cells.
• D. Both are involved in energy conversion processes within the cell.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the primary function of mitochondria and chloroplasts. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, primarily involved in converting glucose into ATP through cellular respiration. Chloroplasts, on the other hand, are involved in photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
2. Next, consider the structural similarities between mitochondria and chloroplasts. Both organelles have a double membrane structure, which is crucial for their function in energy conversion processes.
3. Both mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own DNA and ribosomes, which is indicative of their evolutionary origin from free-living prokaryotes. This allows them to produce some of their own proteins independently of the cell's nuclear DNA.
4. Understand that both organelles are involved in energy conversion processes. Mitochondria convert energy from nutrients into ATP, while chloroplasts convert solar energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
5. Finally, note that while both organelles are involved in energy conversion, they are found in different types of cells. Mitochondria are present in almost all eukaryotic cells, including animal cells, whereas chloroplasts are found in plant cells and some protists.