Which of the following is an ecological factor that influences primate social behavior?

• A. Mitochondrial DNA sequence
• B. Genetic mutations
• C. Chromosome number
• D. Availability of food resources

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of ecological factors: Ecological factors are external environmental conditions that influence the behavior, survival, and reproduction of organisms. These factors include food availability, predation, habitat conditions, and competition.
2. Recognize the relationship between food resources and social behavior: In primates, the availability of food resources directly impacts their social structure, group size, and interactions. For example, abundant food may lead to larger groups, while scarce food may result in smaller groups or solitary behavior.
3. Eliminate genetic factors from consideration: Mitochondrial DNA sequence, genetic mutations, and chromosome number are internal biological factors that influence an organism's genetic makeup, not external ecological factors. These do not directly affect social behavior in the context of environmental conditions.
4. Focus on the correct ecological factor: Availability of food resources is an external factor that shapes primate social behavior. It determines how primates forage, share resources, and interact within their groups.
5. Conclude that ecological factors like food availability are critical in understanding primate social behavior, as they directly influence group dynamics and survival strategies.