Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to adaptive radiation?

• A. A high level of competition with established species
• B. A single species colonizing a new and diverse habitat
• C. A decrease in genetic variation within a population
• D. A stable environment with little ecological change

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of adaptive radiation: Adaptive radiation is an evolutionary process where a single ancestral species rapidly diversifies into a variety of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches.
2. Identify the key factors that promote adaptive radiation: These typically include the availability of unoccupied niches, reduced competition, and the presence of diverse habitats that can be exploited by the species.
3. Analyze the given options: Consider which condition would most likely provide the opportunity for a single species to diversify into multiple forms.
4. Evaluate the option 'A single species colonizing a new and diverse habitat': This scenario provides numerous unoccupied niches and diverse environmental conditions, which are ideal for adaptive radiation.
5. Conclude that the colonization of a new and diverse habitat by a single species is most conducive to adaptive radiation, as it allows the species to exploit various niches and adapt to different environmental conditions.