How does sympatric speciation differ from allopatric speciation?

• A. Sympatric speciation involves the formation of new species in different habitats, whereas allopatric speciation occurs in the same habitat.
• B. Sympatric speciation is more common in animals, whereas allopatric speciation is more common in plants.
• C. Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation, while allopatric speciation requires geographic separation.
• D. Allopatric speciation results from genetic drift, while sympatric speciation is driven by natural selection alone.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Begin by understanding the concept of speciation, which is the process by which new species arise. Speciation can occur through different mechanisms, including sympatric and allopatric speciation.
2. Sympatric speciation occurs without geographic isolation. This means that new species form within the same geographic area, often due to factors like genetic mutations, polyploidy, or behavioral changes that lead to reproductive isolation.
3. Allopatric speciation requires geographic separation. In this process, a population is divided by a physical barrier, such as a mountain range or a body of water, leading to genetic divergence over time due to isolation.
4. Consider the role of genetic drift and natural selection in these processes. Allopatric speciation can involve genetic drift, where random changes in allele frequencies occur in isolated populations. Sympatric speciation often involves natural selection, where certain traits become favorable within the same environment, leading to reproductive isolation.
5. Reflect on examples from nature to illustrate these concepts. For instance, sympatric speciation can be seen in certain fish species in the same lake that develop different feeding habits, while allopatric speciation can be observed in island species that evolve separately from mainland populations.