Which of the following correctly describes the end results of mitosis and meiosis? (Select one answer)

• A. Mitosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells; meiosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells.
• B. Both mitosis and meiosis produce four genetically identical diploid cells.
• C. Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.
• D. Both mitosis and meiosis produce two genetically unique haploid cells.

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the purpose of mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical diploid cells, primarily for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Meiosis, on the other hand, is a specialized form of cell division that produces four genetically unique haploid cells, which are essential for sexual reproduction.
2. Step 2: Recall the chromosome number changes during these processes. In mitosis, the chromosome number remains the same (diploid to diploid, 2n to 2n). In meiosis, the chromosome number is halved (diploid to haploid, 2n to n).
3. Step 3: Analyze the genetic variation. Mitosis produces genetically identical cells because there is no exchange of genetic material. Meiosis, however, includes processes like crossing over and independent assortment, which create genetic diversity in the resulting haploid cells.
4. Step 4: Compare the number of cells produced. Mitosis results in two daughter cells, while meiosis results in four daughter cells.
5. Step 5: Based on the above information, identify the correct description. The correct answer is: 'Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells; meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.'