Which of the following statements is correct regarding biology and gender development?

• A. Gender development is determined solely by environmental influences.
• B. Biology has no influence on gender identity.
• C. Only the X chromosome determines all aspects of gender development.
• D. Both genetic and hormonal factors play a role in the development of gender characteristics.

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of gender development: Gender development is influenced by both biological and environmental factors. Biological factors include genetics and hormones, while environmental factors involve cultural, social, and psychological influences.
2. Clarify the role of genetics: Genetic factors, such as the presence of sex chromosomes (X and Y), play a significant role in determining biological sex and influencing gender development. For example, the SRY gene on the Y chromosome triggers male development.
3. Explain the role of hormones: Hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, are critical in shaping physical and behavioral characteristics associated with gender. These hormones influence the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty and can also affect brain development.
4. Debunk incorrect statements: The statement 'Gender development is determined solely by environmental influences' is incorrect because biological factors also play a significant role. Similarly, 'Biology has no influence on gender identity' is false, as biology contributes to gender identity alongside environmental factors. Lastly, 'Only the X chromosome determines all aspects of gender development' is incorrect because both X and Y chromosomes, as well as hormonal influences, are involved.
5. Conclude with the correct statement: The correct answer is that both genetic and hormonal factors play a role in the development of gender characteristics, highlighting the interplay between biology and environmental influences in gender development.