In the context of plant physiology, what is transpiration?

• A. The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy
• B. The movement of sugars from leaves to other parts of the plant
• C. The loss of water vapor from plant leaves to the atmosphere
• D. The uptake of carbon dioxide by plant roots

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the term 'transpiration' in plant physiology: Transpiration refers to the process by which water vapor is lost from the aerial parts of plants, primarily through small openings on the leaves called stomata.
2. Recognize the role of stomata: Stomata are microscopic pores on the surface of leaves that regulate gas exchange and water loss. They open and close depending on environmental conditions and the plant's needs.
3. Identify the driving force behind transpiration: Transpiration is driven by the evaporation of water from the leaf surface into the atmosphere, which creates a negative pressure that pulls water upward from the roots through the xylem.
4. Understand the importance of transpiration: This process helps in nutrient transport, maintaining plant temperature, and creating a water potential gradient for water uptake from the soil.
5. Differentiate transpiration from other processes: Transpiration is distinct from photosynthesis (conversion of sunlight into chemical energy) and translocation (movement of sugars). It specifically refers to water vapor loss to the atmosphere.