What process in cells undergoing meiosis increases genetic diversity?

• A. Cytokinesis
• B. Crossing over
• C. Mitosis
• D. DNA replication

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of meiosis: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell. It is essential for sexual reproduction.
2. Identify the key phases of meiosis: Meiosis consists of two consecutive divisions, meiosis I and meiosis II. The process that increases genetic diversity occurs during meiosis I.
3. Focus on prophase I: During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair up in a process called synapsis. This is where crossing over occurs.
4. Explain crossing over: Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes. This results in new combinations of alleles, contributing to genetic diversity.
5. Recognize the significance of crossing over: By creating new allele combinations, crossing over increases genetic variation in the gametes, which is crucial for evolution and adaptation in populations.