What is the primary role of the chloroplast in plant cells?

• A. To regulate water balance
• B. To convert light energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis
• C. To store genetic information
• D. To synthesize proteins

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the structure of a chloroplast: Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and some algae. They contain chlorophyll, which is essential for photosynthesis.
2. Learn about photosynthesis: Photosynthesis is the process by which chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy. This occurs in two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle.
3. Explore the light-dependent reactions: These reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplasts, where sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and used to generate ATP and NADPH.
4. Examine the Calvin cycle: This cycle takes place in the stroma of the chloroplasts, where ATP and NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
5. Recognize the primary role of chloroplasts: The main function of chloroplasts is to facilitate photosynthesis, thereby converting light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose, which is used by the plant for growth and energy.