How does the physical structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts aid in their function within a cell?

• A. The double membrane of mitochondria increases surface area for ATP production.
• B. The rigid structure of chloroplasts prevents them from changing shape.
• C. The lack of membranes in mitochondria allows for rapid energy transfer.
• D. The single membrane of chloroplasts allows for efficient photosynthesis.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the basic structure of mitochondria: Mitochondria have a double membrane structure, consisting of an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane called the cristae. This structure is crucial for their function in ATP production.
2. Explore the role of the double membrane in mitochondria: The inner membrane's folds increase the surface area, providing more space for the electron transport chain and ATP synthase enzymes, which are essential for ATP production during cellular respiration.
3. Examine the structure of chloroplasts: Chloroplasts also have a double membrane, but they contain additional structures like thylakoids, which are stacked into grana. These structures are important for capturing light energy during photosynthesis.
4. Consider the function of chloroplast membranes: The thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll and other pigments that absorb light energy, which is then used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, a process known as photosynthesis.
5. Evaluate the incorrect statements: The statement about the rigid structure of chloroplasts preventing shape change is misleading, as chloroplasts can change shape. The lack of membranes in mitochondria is incorrect, as they have a double membrane. The single membrane of chloroplasts is also incorrect, as they have a double membrane.