What is the primary force that drives active transport in cells?

• A. ATP hydrolysis
• B. Osmotic pressure
• C. Diffusion
• D. Concentration gradient

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of active transport: Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration, against the concentration gradient. This process requires energy.
2. Identify the source of energy for active transport: The energy required for active transport is typically provided by ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP is a molecule that stores energy in its phosphate bonds.
3. Learn about ATP hydrolysis: ATP hydrolysis is the process by which ATP is broken down into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and an inorganic phosphate, releasing energy that can be used for cellular processes, including active transport.
4. Differentiate between passive and active transport: Passive transport, such as diffusion and osmosis, does not require energy and occurs along the concentration gradient. Active transport, on the other hand, requires energy to move substances against the concentration gradient.
5. Recognize the role of ATP in active transport: ATP hydrolysis provides the necessary energy to power transport proteins that move molecules across the cell membrane against their concentration gradient, making it the primary force driving active transport.