Which of the following is an effect of short-term cortisol elevation in the body?

• A. Suppression of bone growth
• B. Permanent immune system suppression
• C. Increased blood glucose levels
• D. Decreased heart rate

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of cortisol: Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands in response to stress. It plays a key role in regulating various physiological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and cardiovascular function.
2. Focus on short-term effects: Short-term elevation of cortisol primarily impacts energy metabolism and the body's immediate response to stress. It does not cause permanent changes but rather temporary adjustments to help the body cope with stress.
3. Analyze the options: Evaluate each option based on the known short-term effects of cortisol. For example, suppression of bone growth is typically associated with long-term cortisol elevation, not short-term. Permanent immune system suppression is also a long-term effect, while decreased heart rate is not a known effect of cortisol.
4. Understand increased blood glucose levels: Cortisol stimulates gluconeogenesis, the process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources in the liver. This increases blood glucose levels to provide energy for the body during stress, which is a hallmark short-term effect of cortisol.
5. Conclude based on evidence: Based on the physiological role of cortisol and its short-term effects, the correct answer is 'Increased blood glucose levels,' as this aligns with the hormone's function during acute stress.