Which organelle is primarily responsible for the synthesis of ATP in eukaryotic cells?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Chloroplast
• C. Mitochondrion
• D. Golgi apparatus

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the function of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy currency of the cell, and its synthesis is crucial for cellular processes.
2. Step 2: Review the role of organelles in energy production. The mitochondrion is known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' because it is the site of aerobic respiration, where most ATP is synthesized.
3. Step 3: Learn about the process of ATP synthesis in mitochondria. This occurs through oxidative phosphorylation, which involves the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis within the inner mitochondrial membrane.
4. Step 4: Compare the functions of other organelles listed in the question. For example, the nucleus stores genetic material, the chloroplast is involved in photosynthesis (ATP synthesis in plants), and the Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the mitochondrion is the correct answer because it is the primary organelle responsible for ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells through oxidative phosphorylation.