Which of the following correctly describes a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

• A. Crossing over occurs during mitosis but not during meiosis.
• B. Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.
• C. Meiosis results in cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while mitosis halves the chromosome number.
• D. Mitosis occurs only in gametes, while meiosis occurs in somatic cells.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the processes of mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is a type of cell division that results in two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis is a type of cell division that produces four genetically unique haploid cells.
2. Step 2: Recognize the key differences between mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis is involved in growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, whereas meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction and reduces the chromosome number by half.
3. Step 3: Clarify the concept of crossing over. Crossing over is a process where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material during prophase I of meiosis, contributing to genetic diversity. This does not occur during mitosis.
4. Step 4: Analyze the chromosome number changes. Mitosis maintains the chromosome number of the parent cell (diploid to diploid), while meiosis reduces the chromosome number (diploid to haploid).
5. Step 5: Evaluate the statements provided in the problem. Use the information about mitosis and meiosis to identify the correct description: 'Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells, while meiosis produces four genetically unique haploid cells.'