What is meant by the "induced fit" of an enzyme?

• A. The substrate can be altered so that it is induced to fit into the enzyme's active site.
• B. The enzyme structure is altered so that it can be induced to fit many different types of substrate.
• C. The presence of the substrate in solution induces the enzyme to slightly change its structure.
• D. The shape of the active site is nearly perfect for specifically binding the enzyme's substrate or substrates.
• E. The enzyme changes its shape slightly as the substrate binds to it.

Answer: (E)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of enzyme-substrate interaction: Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. They have specific regions called active sites where substrates bind.
2. Explore the 'lock and key' model: Initially, it was thought that the enzyme's active site was a perfect fit for the substrate, like a lock and key. However, this model does not account for the flexibility of enzymes.
3. Learn about the 'induced fit' model: This model suggests that the enzyme's active site is not a perfect fit initially. Instead, the binding of the substrate induces a conformational change in the enzyme, allowing a better fit.
4. Recognize the significance of induced fit: The induced fit model explains how enzymes can be highly specific yet flexible, accommodating slight variations in substrate structure and enhancing catalytic efficiency.
5. Apply the concept: When a substrate enters the active site, it causes the enzyme to change shape slightly, optimizing the interaction and facilitating the chemical reaction.