Independent assortment of chromosomes is a result of which of the following processes?

• A. Random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I
• B. Replication of DNA during interphase
• C. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I
• D. Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase II

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the concept of independent assortment: Independent assortment refers to the random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes during meiosis. This process contributes to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms.
2. Identify the stage of meiosis where independent assortment occurs: Independent assortment is primarily associated with the random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I of meiosis.
3. Analyze the options provided: Consider each option and determine which one describes the process that leads to independent assortment.
4. Option 1: Random alignment of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I - This is the correct process that leads to independent assortment, as homologous chromosomes line up randomly at the metaphase plate, leading to different combinations of chromosomes in gametes.
5. Review other options: Replication of DNA during interphase is not related to independent assortment, crossing over during prophase I involves exchange of genetic material but not independent assortment, and separation of sister chromatids during anaphase II is part of meiosis II, not related to independent assortment.