Which of the following is the main function of the mitochondria?

• A. Storage of genetic information
• B. Photosynthesis and glucose synthesis
• C. Production of ATP through cellular respiration
• D. Protein synthesis from amino acids

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Understand the role of mitochondria in the cell. Mitochondria are often referred to as the 'powerhouses' of the cell because their primary function is to produce energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
2. Step 2: Recall the process of cellular respiration. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria and involves breaking down glucose and other molecules to generate ATP. This process includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), and oxidative phosphorylation.
3. Step 3: Eliminate incorrect options. For example, 'Storage of genetic information' is primarily the function of the nucleus, not the mitochondria. Similarly, 'Photosynthesis and glucose synthesis' occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells, not mitochondria. 'Protein synthesis from amino acids' is the function of ribosomes.
4. Step 4: Focus on the correct answer. The mitochondria's main function is the production of ATP through cellular respiration, which is essential for providing energy to the cell for various biological processes.
5. Step 5: Summarize the reasoning. Based on the understanding of cellular organelles and their functions, the correct answer is 'Production of ATP through cellular respiration,' as this is the primary role of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells.