How does RNA polymerase differ from DNA polymerase?

• A. RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA, while DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA.
• B. RNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate synthesis, while DNA polymerase does not.
• C. RNA polymerase is involved in DNA replication, while DNA polymerase is involved in transcription.
• D. RNA polymerase can proofread its work, while DNA polymerase cannot.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the roles of RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase: RNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription, while DNA polymerase synthesizes DNA from a DNA template during DNA replication.
2. Recognize the requirement of a primer: DNA polymerase requires a primer to initiate DNA synthesis, whereas RNA polymerase does not require a primer to start RNA synthesis.
3. Identify the processes involved: RNA polymerase is involved in transcription, which is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA. DNA polymerase is involved in DNA replication, which is the process of making an identical copy of a DNA molecule.
4. Consider proofreading abilities: DNA polymerase has proofreading abilities, meaning it can correct errors during DNA synthesis. RNA polymerase, on the other hand, generally lacks this proofreading ability, leading to a higher error rate in RNA synthesis.
5. Clarify any misconceptions: Ensure that you understand that RNA polymerase is not involved in DNA replication, and DNA polymerase is not involved in transcription. These enzymes have distinct roles in the cell.