Which of the following organelles often occupy the majority of the volume of a plant cell?

• A. Mitochondria
• B. Central vacuole
• C. Nucleus
• D. Chloroplasts

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the function of each organelle listed: Mitochondria are responsible for energy production, the nucleus houses genetic material, chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis, and the central vacuole stores water, nutrients, and waste products while maintaining cell structure.
2. Recall that plant cells often have a large central vacuole that can occupy up to 90% of the cell's volume. This is because it plays a critical role in maintaining turgor pressure, which helps the plant maintain its shape and rigidity.
3. Compare the size and function of the central vacuole to the other organelles listed. While mitochondria, the nucleus, and chloroplasts are essential, they do not occupy as much space as the central vacuole in a typical plant cell.
4. Consider the structural differences between plant and animal cells. Plant cells have a large central vacuole, which is a distinguishing feature not found in animal cells.
5. Conclude that the central vacuole is the organelle that often occupies the majority of the volume in a plant cell, based on its size and function.