Aldosterone stimulates the protein synthesis of ______ and ______.

• A. cytochrome c and ATP synthase
• B. insulin receptors and glucose transporters
• C. acetylcholine receptors and calcium channels
• D. sodium-potassium pumps and sodium channels

Answer: (D)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the role of aldosterone: Aldosterone is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands. Its primary function is to regulate sodium and potassium levels in the body, which helps maintain blood pressure and fluid balance.
2. Identify the target cells: Aldosterone acts on cells in the kidney, specifically in the distal tubules and collecting ducts, to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion.
3. Recognize the mechanism of action: Aldosterone binds to intracellular receptors in the kidney cells, leading to changes in gene expression. This stimulates the synthesis of specific proteins that facilitate ion transport.
4. Determine the proteins involved: Aldosterone promotes the synthesis of sodium-potassium pumps (Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase) and sodium channels (such as epithelial sodium channels, ENaC). These proteins are essential for moving sodium ions into the bloodstream and potassium ions into the urine.
5. Connect the physiological outcome: By increasing the activity of sodium-potassium pumps and sodium channels, aldosterone enhances sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, which helps regulate electrolyte balance and blood pressure.