Which of the following processes occurs during translation in protein synthesis?

• A. RNA is transcribed from a DNA template
• B. mRNA is decoded to produce a polypeptide chain
• C. Proteins are modified in the Golgi apparatus
• D. DNA is replicated to form new strands

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the context of translation in protein synthesis: Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, resulting in a polypeptide chain.
2. Identify the role of mRNA in translation: During translation, mRNA serves as a template that dictates the order in which amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain.
3. Recognize the components involved in translation: Translation requires mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA (transfer RNA), and amino acids. Ribosomes facilitate the binding of tRNA to mRNA, allowing the correct amino acids to be added to the polypeptide chain.
4. Differentiate translation from other processes: RNA transcription from a DNA template occurs during transcription, not translation. Protein modification in the Golgi apparatus and DNA replication are separate processes that do not occur during translation.
5. Conclude that the correct process occurring during translation is the decoding of mRNA to produce a polypeptide chain, aligning with the correct answer provided.