Which of the following components makes up the basic structure of a lipid?

• A. Phosphate group and ribose sugar
• B. Amino acids and nucleotides
• C. Glycerol and fatty acids
• D. Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the definition of lipids: Lipids are a group of organic molecules that are hydrophobic or amphipathic, meaning they do not dissolve well in water. They include fats, oils, and phospholipids, and their basic structure typically consists of glycerol and fatty acids.
2. Analyze the options provided: Each option represents different types of biological molecules. For example, phosphate group and ribose sugar are components of nucleotides, amino acids are building blocks of proteins, and monosaccharides and disaccharides are carbohydrates.
3. Focus on the correct components: Lipids are primarily composed of glycerol (a three-carbon alcohol) and fatty acids (long hydrocarbon chains with a carboxyl group at one end). These components combine through ester bonds during a dehydration synthesis reaction.
4. Relate the structure to function: Glycerol serves as the backbone to which fatty acids are attached, forming triglycerides or phospholipids. Fatty acids provide energy storage and structural integrity in cell membranes.
5. Conclude by identifying the correct answer: Based on the structure and function of lipids, the correct components are glycerol and fatty acids, as they form the basic building blocks of lipids.