Which set correctly lists the four basic principles of natural selection as commonly taught in introductory biology?

• A. Acquired characteristics, use and disuse, inheritance of acquired traits, and goal-directed change
• B. Mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom mating
• C. Variation among individuals, heritability of traits, overproduction of offspring (leading to competition), and differential survival and reproduction
• D. Homeostasis, negative feedback, positive feedback, and equilibrium

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the core principles that underpin the theory of natural selection as proposed by Charles Darwin and commonly taught in introductory biology courses.
2. Understand that natural selection requires variation among individuals in a population, meaning individuals differ in their traits.
3. Recognize that these traits must be heritable, so that offspring can inherit characteristics from their parents.
4. Acknowledge that more offspring are produced than can survive, leading to competition for limited resources (overproduction).
5. Finally, realize that individuals with traits better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more successfully, leading to differential survival and reproduction.