Which of the following cellular structures increase surface area to improve absorption?

• A. Mitochondria
• B. Microvilli
• C. Centrioles
• D. Lysosomes

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the function of each cellular structure listed in the problem. Mitochondria are responsible for energy production through cellular respiration, centrioles are involved in cell division, lysosomes are responsible for breaking down waste materials, and microvilli are specialized for increasing surface area to improve absorption.
2. Recall that absorption is a process where cells take in nutrients or other substances from their surroundings. Structures that increase surface area are particularly important for this function.
3. Microvilli are small, finger-like projections found on the surface of certain cells, such as those in the intestinal lining. Their primary role is to increase the surface area available for absorption, making them highly efficient for nutrient uptake.
4. Compare the functions of the other structures listed. Mitochondria, centrioles, and lysosomes do not play a role in increasing surface area for absorption. This confirms that microvilli are the correct answer.
5. Conclude that microvilli are the cellular structures specialized for increasing surface area to improve absorption, as their structure and function are directly aligned with this purpose.