Many species of Archaea are known to thrive in environments in which most living things would not survive. We call these Archaea… 

• A. Extremophiles.
• B. Thermophiles.
• C. Halophiles.
• D. Acidophiles.
• E. Alkaliphiles.

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that Archaea are a group of microorganisms that are distinct from bacteria and eukaryotes, often found in extreme environments.
2. Recognize that the term 'extremophiles' refers to organisms that thrive in extreme conditions, such as high temperature, salinity, acidity, or alkalinity.
3. Identify the specific types of extremophiles based on the environment they thrive in: 'Thermophiles' thrive in high temperatures, 'Halophiles' in high salinity, 'Acidophiles' in acidic conditions, and 'Alkaliphiles' in alkaline conditions.
4. Match the given options with the environments they describe: Thermophiles (high temperature), Halophiles (high salinity), Acidophiles (acidic conditions), Alkaliphiles (alkaline conditions).
5. Conclude that the overarching term for Archaea thriving in such extreme environments is 'Extremophiles', with specific names for each type based on the particular extreme condition they inhabit.