5. Cell Components

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts

Mitochondria Aren't Just the Powerhouse of the Cell

Short Video: Cytoplasmic Streaming

The mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell                   .
a. serve as the cell’s power plants;
b. probably evolved from a prokaryotic ancestor;
c. can live independently of the eukaryotic cell;
d. A and B are correct;
e. A, B, and C are correct

BioFlix: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria

The products of photosynthesis are:

BioFlix: Mitochondria

Many species of animals on islands are larger than related species on the mainland. Scientists hypothesize that this phenomenon, called island gigantism, evolved in response to the scarcity of competitors and predators on islands. Reduced competition and predation allows species to exploit more resources and frees them from the need to hide in small refuges.

Which of the following might be a trade-off of gigantism experienced by giant island tortoises?
a. They cool very rapidly during cold weather.
b. It would be difficult to sustain their high mass-specific metabolic rates on a diet of plants alone.
c. It could be more difficult to avoid thermally unfavorable conditions.
d. They could hide from nonnative predators more easily.

Which part of a mitochondria contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, and enzymes?

Chloroplasts

 Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. 

 No. This is a true statement. The mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism. 

 Mitochondria have more than one membrane. 

 No. This is a true statement. The mitochondria have two membranes. 

 The folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane are called cristae. 

 No. This is a true statement. The folds are called cristae. 

 No. This is a true statement. The mitochondria do have their own DNA molecule, which directs the synthesis of some mitochondrial proteins. 

 Mitochondria contain ribosomes in the intermembrane space. 

Think about the structure and function of the mitochondria.

Which of the following is false?

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in ________.

 Photosynthetic cells in the leaves of a tree 

 No. Although all cells need mitochondria for energy, the largest number of mitochondria will be found in the cells with the highest energy demand. 

 Bacterial cells that are growing on sugars 

 No. Bacteria are prokaryotes and do not have membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria. 

 Inactive yeast cells that are stored for future use 

 Nondividing cells in the skin on your finger 

 Muscle cells in the legs of a marathon runner 

Think about the specialized function of mitochondria.

Which type of cell is most likely to have the largest number of mitochondria?

Chloroplast Structure

Mitochondria Structure

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts Example 1

Mitochondria

 No. The ER is the source of lipids for all membranes in the endomembrane system. 

 No. The plasma membrane is part of the endomembrane system and is composed of lipids made in the ER. 

 No. The membrane of the lysosome is part of the endomembrane system and is composed of lipids made in the ER. 

 No. The membranes of the Golgi apparatus are part of the endomembrane system and are composed of lipids made in the ER. 

Consider the origin of lipids in these various membranes.

Which of the following five membranes is most likely to have a lipid composition that is distinct from those of the other four?

Chloroplast Structure and Function

Mitochondria - Powerhouse of the Cell | Don't Memorise

You Can Inherit Mitochondrial DNA from Both Parents! | SciShow News

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1. Introduction to Biology

2. Chemistry

3. Water

4. Biomolecules

6. The Membrane

7. Energy and Metabolism

8. Respiration

9. Photosynthesis

10. Cell Signaling

11. Cell Division

12. Meiosis

13. Mendelian Genetics

14. DNA Synthesis

15. Gene Expression

16. Regulation of Expression

17. Viruses

18. Biotechnology

19. Genomics

20. Development

21. Evolution by Natural Selection

22. Evolution of Populations

23. Speciation

24. History of Life on Earth

25. Phylogeny

26. Prokaryotes

27. Protists

28. Plants

29. Fungi

30. Overview of Animals

31. Invertebrates

32. Vertebrates

33. Plant Anatomy

34. Vascular Plant Transport

35. Soil

36. Plant Reproduction

37. Plant Sensation and Response

38. Animal Form and Function

39. Digestive System

40. Circulatory System

41. Immune System

42. Osmoregulation and Excretion

43. Endocrine System

44. Animal Reproduction

45. Nervous System

46. Sensory Systems

47. Muscle Systems

48. Ecology

49. Animal Behavior

50. Population Ecology

51. Community Ecology

52. Ecosystems

53. Conservation Biology

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Introduction to the Cytoskeleton

Prokaryotic & Eukaryotic Cells

Endosymbiotic Theory

Microscopes

Endomembrane System: Digestive Organelles

Introduction to Eukaryotic Organelles

Cell Junctions

Endomembrane System: Protein Secretion

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