What are the two main types of anaerobic respiration?

• A. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation
• B. Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
• C. Alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation
• D. Photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

Answer: (C)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration that occurs without oxygen. It allows organisms to produce energy in environments where oxygen is scarce.
2. Recognize that the two main types of anaerobic respiration are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. These processes are used by different organisms to generate energy.
3. Alcoholic fermentation is a process used by yeast and some types of bacteria. It converts glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide, producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.
4. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in some bacteria and animal cells, such as muscle cells. It converts glucose into lactic acid, also producing ATP without the use of oxygen.
5. Both types of fermentation begin with glycolysis, which breaks down glucose into pyruvate, and then follow different pathways to regenerate NAD⁺, allowing glycolysis to continue and produce ATP.