How does meiosis contribute to genetic variation?

• A. By allowing independent assortment of chromosomes
• B. By preventing crossing over between homologous chromosomes
• C. By producing identical daughter cells
• D. By ensuring that all gametes have the same genetic material

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand that meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell.
2. Recognize that genetic variation in meiosis is primarily introduced through two mechanisms: independent assortment of chromosomes and crossing over between homologous chromosomes.
3. Independent assortment occurs during metaphase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosome pairs align randomly at the cell's equator. This random alignment leads to different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes in the gametes.
4. Crossing over occurs during prophase I of meiosis, where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. This process creates new combinations of alleles on each chromosome, further contributing to genetic diversity.
5. Conclude that meiosis contributes to genetic variation by allowing independent assortment of chromosomes and facilitating crossing over, both of which ensure that gametes have unique genetic material, rather than producing identical daughter cells.