What does the exchange of genetic information during meiosis allow for in individuals?

• A. Uniformity in offspring
• B. Increased genetic variation
• C. Decreased genetic diversity
• D. Cloning of parental genes

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the process of meiosis: Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells. It is essential for sexual reproduction and occurs in two stages: meiosis I and meiosis II.
2. Learn about genetic recombination: During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange segments of genetic material in a process called crossing over. This recombination results in new combinations of alleles, contributing to genetic diversity.
3. Consider the role of independent assortment: In addition to crossing over, meiosis involves the independent assortment of chromosomes. This means that the distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes is random, further increasing genetic variation.
4. Recognize the impact on offspring: The exchange of genetic information during meiosis leads to increased genetic variation among offspring. This variation is crucial for evolution and adaptation, as it provides a wider range of traits for natural selection to act upon.
5. Contrast with other options: Understand why the other options are incorrect. Uniformity in offspring would imply identical genetic makeup, which is not the result of meiosis. Decreased genetic diversity and cloning of parental genes are also incorrect, as meiosis promotes diversity rather than uniformity or cloning.