Which of the following is required for both anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration?

• A. Glucose
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Carbon dioxide
• D. Oxygen

Answer: (A)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Understand the difference between anaerobic and aerobic respiration. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, while aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
2. Identify the common starting molecule for both processes. Both anaerobic and aerobic respiration begin with glucose as the primary substrate for energy production.
3. Recall the process of glycolysis. Glycolysis is the first step in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate, producing ATP and NADH.
4. Consider the role of mitochondria. Mitochondria are essential for aerobic respiration but are not required for anaerobic respiration, as anaerobic processes occur in the cytoplasm.
5. Evaluate the role of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is required for aerobic respiration but not for anaerobic respiration. Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of aerobic respiration but not a requirement for either process.