Which of the following best defines the term 'ecosystem' in ecology?

• A. A community of organisms interacting only with each other, excluding their physical environment.
• B. A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
• C. The total number of species present in a given area.
• D. A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area.

Answer: (B)

Verified step by step guidance

1. Step 1: Begin by understanding the term 'ecosystem' in ecology. An ecosystem is a fundamental concept that includes both biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living physical environment) components interacting together.
2. Step 2: Analyze the options provided. Option A mentions only the interaction of organisms with each other, excluding the physical environment. This is incorrect because an ecosystem includes interactions with the physical environment as well.
3. Step 3: Evaluate the correct answer, which states: 'A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.' This definition aligns with the concept of an ecosystem, as it incorporates both living organisms and their interactions with the abiotic factors like air, water, and soil.
4. Step 4: Consider the other options. 'The total number of species present in a given area' refers to species richness or biodiversity, not an ecosystem. Similarly, 'A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area' defines a population, not an ecosystem.
5. Step 5: Conclude that the correct definition of an ecosystem is the one that includes both the biological community and the physical environment, emphasizing the interconnectedness of living and non-living components.